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Muhammad al-Nasir
Muhammad al-Nasir (الناصر لدين الله محمد بن المنصور,'' an-Nāṣir li-dīn Allah Muḥammad ibn al-Manṣūr'', died 1213) was the fourth Almohad caliph from 1199 until his death.〔Évariste Lévi-Provençal, (al-Nāṣir ). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill Online, 2013. Reference. 9 January 2013.〕
On January 25, 1199, al-Nasir’s father Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur died; al-Nasir was proclaimed the new caliph that very day.〔 Al-Nasir inherited from his father an empire that was showing signs of instability. Because of his father’s victories against the Christians in the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus), he was temporarily relieved from serious threats on that front and able to concentrate on combating and defeating Banu Ghaniya attempts to seize Ifriqiya (Tunisia). Needing, after this, to deal with problems elsewhere in the empire, he appointed Abu Mohammed ibn Abi Hafs as governor of Ifriqiya, so unwittingly inaugurating the rule of the Hafsid dynasty there, which lasted until 1574.
==Dynasty and Iberian presence==
He now had to turn his attention back to Iberia, to deal with a crusade proclaimed by Pope Innocent III. This resulted in his defeat by a Christian coalition at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212). He died the following year, and was succeeded by his young son Yusuf al-Mustansir, born of Christian slave Qamar.〔(Yusuf II al-Mustansir Billah )〕
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